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Mahjong - An Essential Guide

One of the most popular games that is played in Communist china is mahjong (麻将 májiàng). A popular proverb goes like this "Of all the 1 billion Chinese people, 900 meg are playing mahjong, while the other 100 million are watching it" (十亿人民九亿麻，还有一亿在观察 shí yì rénmín jiǔ yì má, hái yǒu yī yì zài guānchá). This game is now played all over the world. It is the favorite pastime for many Chinese. It is also very common for people to play mahjong during festivals or celebrations like birthdays or at wedding banquets.

Mahjong: a mind sport

1. What is Mahjong?
2. History of Mahjong
3. Mahjong fix of Tiles: Circles, Bamboos, Characters, Winds, Dragons
4. Chinese Mahjong Rules
5. How to play Mahjong?
   1. Pong, Chow, Kong
   2. The Objective, Setup, The Play, Game End
   3. Special Hands (Thirteen Orphans, Pure One Accommodate...)
   4. Video: Larn How to Play Mahjong Step past Pace
6. Mahjong Museums
7. When do we play Mahjong?
8. Where do we play Mahjong?
9. Where to buy a Mahjong set?
10. Complimentary online Mahjong Games and recommended Mahjong Apps

What is Mahjong?

It is known equally 麻雀 máquè or 'sparrow game' in some areas in Prc, which is played with sets of tiles. Four players play the game using numbered tiles, which were fabricated of bamboo or bone in the past, but nowadays they are fabricated of plastic. In all, there are 144 tiles, of which 36 tiles are in the bamboo suit, 36 in the circle suit, 36 in the character adapt, xvi wind tiles, 12 dragon tiles, and 8 bonus tiles (4 flowers and 4 seasons). Similar many pop games, mahjong has many regional variations. In northern China, there are no flower and flavor tiles, they just have the 136 tiles. In Sichuan Province, they practise not apply the wind tiles and dragon tiles, therefore they accept only 108 tiles.

History of Mahjong

There are many theories and legends about mahjong'due south origins -- some people have said it goes back to the fourth dimension of Confucius but there is no bear witness for this. Another fable suggests that ZhengHe (a Chinese explorer who commanded seven sails across Asia and Africa in the early 15th century) invented mahjong while attempting to find a way to entertain his crew members during their sailings. According to the legend, this explains why at that place are and so many references to sailing found on the tiles.

Throughout China's history, there were several games similar to modern mahjong. Xuan He Pai, a game that originated in the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE), used wood and ivory cards similar to today's mahjong tiles. They wait very similar to dominoes, with a total of 227 pips. There are 32 of these dominoes and are meant to be representations of star constellations.

Some other game, Ma Diao, pop during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE), was a trick-taking game for iv players, played with four-suited coin cards. Three of the four Ma Diao suits resembles the three suits of mahjong. Coins represent to circles; money strings correspond to the bamboos; coin string myriads correspond to the characters. Many money card games evolved from ma diao and many variations of money card decks have come up and gone. Three-suited money cards became favored (1 of the four money suits was dropped), and in a development that surely led to Peng He Pai, a game that uses four sets of iii-suited cards. In 1846, a Chen Yumen (courtesy proper noun Chen Zhengyue) from Ningbo, created a mahjong game based on Peng He Pai. Instead of paper, he used bamboo and bone to make mahjong. The game soon spread to other cities in Communist china as Ningbo was a business port city.

At the turn of the 20th century, the game spread beyond Mainland china's borders which led to variants on the traditional Chinese rules. The expatriate population of Shanghai picked up the game in the cafes that they frequented and brought information technology back to their abode countries. In Nihon, mahjong clubs formed in the early part of the century. In the 1920s, the British and Americans, also, started enjoying the game and equally a upshot, the rules evolved.

In 1998, the State Sports Commission of People's republic of china recognized mahjong as a 255th sport, and the Official International Rules for mahjong were released the same yr.

Mahjong set up of Tiles

Traditionally, a standard set has 144 tiles, only now most places in China apply just 136 tiles omitting the iv flowers and 4 seasons.

Circles (also known as Dots)

36 circle tiles in 4 identical sets of ix tiles with one to nine circles engraved on them. In Chinese, they are the 筒子tǒngzi significant 'barrel' or 'tube-shaped', named later on circular coins (once used in Communist china) with a hole in them. The circles are also known as 'dots'.

Bamboos (also known every bit Soks or Bams)

36 bamboo tiles in 4 identical sets of nine tiles with one to nine bamboo stalk engraved on them. Bamboo in Chinese is 竹zhú or else the 索子 'suǒzǐ suit' or 'woven thread adjust'. The 'i' is usually a picture of a bird; oft a sparrow 麻雀 máquè, by which the game is named in the south. The bamboo is also known every bit 'soks' or 'bams'.

Characters (besides known as Wans or Craks)

36 Number tiles in 4 identical sets of 9 tiles with the characters for the numbers 1 to 9 engraved on them. The character for 万 wàn (more often in traditional course 萬) is underneath each Chinese number. They are also known as 'wans' or 'craks'.

Winds

There are 16 Wind tiles in 4 identical sets of 4 tiles for each of the four current of air directions (eastward, south, west, and n). Collectively known as the 风牌 Fēngpái, they are always listed in this order: 东 (eastward) 南 (south) 西 (due west) 北 (n).

Dragons

There are 12 Dragon tiles in 4 identical sets of 3 tiles: red; greenish and white dragons. Collectively they are likewise known equally the 三元牌 Sān yuán pái three scholars, the change to 'dragons' may be a consequence of the export to America. In China, nosotros only telephone call them "zhongfabai". 红中 Hóngzhōng (traditional 紅中 ) red dragon or red middle 发财 fācái (traditional 發財 ) green dragon or green fortune 白板 Bái bǎn bare or white dragon or the white board. The white dragon is oftentimes an empty frame.

Winds and Dragons

Chinese Mahjong rules

There are many versions of mahjong rules, just the master 4 are

• Chinese
• Hong Kong
• American
• Japanese

Here we focus on the Chinese mahjong rules, which are quite simple to follow:

• four players for a game.
• All 136 tiles are shuffled confront down and 4 square walls are built with 34 tiles each.
• The plough order is adamant by throwing the dices past the dealer and rotates anticlockwise.
• The dealer leads other players to draw thirteen tiles in a clockwise direction around the wall.
• At the start of each turn, a player draws a tile or claims the discarded tile of the previous actor.
• At the cease of a plow, a actor discards a tile from their hand.
• The discard tin exist claimed past other players to complete chows, pungs, or kungs.
• If no claims are made, the turn passes to the next actor in anticlockwise order.
• A role player wins in one case a winning hand of four sets and a pair is assembled.
• If no player wins when all walls are depleted, the round ends in a draw.

How to play Chinese Mahjong?

First of all, four players are required to outset a game. And then you demand to acquire pung, chow, and kong, the three bones sets of tiles to call "mahjong".

Pungs (Pongs)

A pung or its other proper name pong is a set of three identical tiles. You tin can telephone call pungs when whatsoever role player discards a tile equally long every bit you have 2 of the same tiles.

Chows

A grub is a combination of 3 tiles in a sequence that are suited. Unlike other combinations, an exposed chow may just be declared off the discard of the player on your left.

However, in some areas in China, the chow is not allowed.

Kongs

Some players also play with a "kong", which are 4 of the same tiles (similar an extended pung). The same rules for claiming a discarded tile apply, but any player completing a kong immediately draws an extra tile before discarding.

The Objective

The goal of the game is to get mahjong, which consists of getting all 14 of your tiles into four sets and one pair. A pair is ii identical tiles. A set can be either a pung, a chow, or kong. A single tile cannot exist used in two sets at once.

一，四 wans

四，七 wans

Setup

Traditionally, the four wind tiles are shuffled confront down and dealt to the players past throwing the dices. Players then sit according to their tile and sit down clockwise in the order of "north, west, south, and east". Every player will take turns to exist the dealer. Sometimes, players may simply coil the dice to decide the dealer.

All tiles are shuffled together, and the players build a wall of 34 face-downwards tiles in front of themselves, 17 long, and two tiles high. The outcome should be a big square wall of tiles in the center of the table. Automated mahjong tables are available in almost mahjong parlors, then yous don't need to build the wall tiles.

The dealer rolls the die and counts the many tiles from the correct edge of their wall, and separates the wall at that point to begin dealing tiles from the left of that spot, and going clockwise. Each thespian draws xiii tiles, with the dealer starting with an extra 14th tile. Each player and then arranges their tiles facing towards them so they can see and other players cannot. The dealer then discards one tile, and play begins to the correct of the dealer.

The Play

After each discard, any role player who has 2 or 3 matching tiles takes the next turn past calling mahjong, pung, or kong. The priority goes to whatever player who tin can claim the discarded tile to complete the mahjong. A actor who can do this claims the tile, then reveals the winning hand of xiv tiles.

Failing that, whatever role player can claim the discarded tile to consummate a pung. The role player says "pung", so reveals the two matching tiles that lucifer the discard. For case, if the discarded tile is the 7 of bamboo, and the histrion has two more than bamboo 7s in hand, that player would phone call "pung". When calling pung, the player turns the completed pung (with all three bamboo 7s, in this example) face-up on the table, discards a useless tile, and the plough passes to the correct.

If nobody claims the discarded tile but information technology completes a chow for yous, you may claim it at the first of your turn past maxim "chow". You and so must turn your chow face-up, revealing the completed run (e.yard. v, half-dozen, vii of bamboo) as in the pung case above. You then discard a tile and play continues equally normal.

If the discard does not complete a ready for you, then on your turn you draw the next tile from the open end of the wall. Unless this gives you mahjong, you then discard a tile face up-up. Annotation that only the most recently discarded tile can be claimed.

Game End

Players play to a pre-adamant number of points, rounds or hours, or until players agree that they are done.

Special Hands

The special hands are culling target sets of tiles that a player can go mahjong with.

1. Xiii Orphans (十三么)

Information technology is a limit hand that consists of each of the four wind tiles, each of the 3 dragon tiles, and a ane and a nine from each of the 3 different suits: circumvolve, bamboo, and characters. The fourteenth tile can be any tile listed to a higher place to make a pair. All tiles must be self-drawn except for the last one.

2. Pure One Suit (清一色)

It means y'all tin win with all xiv of the same letter suit of circles, bamboos, or characters. Pung, chow, and kong sets are all allowed.

3. Big 3 Dragons (大三元)

It requires your hand to have pungs or kongs of all the dragons (ZHONG, FA, BAI) and the rest are other sets (pung, kong, chow).

4.Big Four Winds (大四喜)

It requires your hand to consist of 4 pungs or kongs of current of air set and a pair of others.

Sentry the video to learn How to play Mahjong

Mahjong Museums

Museum of Mahjong and Tea Civilization in Chengdu

Located in the city center of Chengdu, the city is the matrix for the Chinese mahjong culture. More than than whatever other place in China, the people of Chengdu play the game in tea houses, hence the museum combines the game of mahjong with tea culture. You can detect different mahjong tiles which are fabricated of different materials.

The Brandish Hall of the Birthplace of Mahjong

Located in Ningbo in eastern China, it is role of Tianyi Pavillion (the oldest extant library in Cathay). The museum houses mahjong sets from countries like Vietnam, Japan, and the Us. The building of the museum is the ancestral hall of Chen Yumen, who was thought to be the inventor of mahjong.

When practice we play Mahjong?

Generally speaking, Chinese people play mahjong someday when they are free or not working. Played at all festivals and other gatherings, mahjong has become a symbol of friendship and family unit bonds. For gatherings, they commonly play mahjong before and after each meal. It is not uncommon to play the whole night during the holidays. As one of the nigh popular pastimes, many people play information technology afterward work or during holidays.

Retirees can exist seen playing it every day.

Where do we play Mahjong?

Mahjong enthusiasts play anywhere from swimming pools to the market identify. Y'all can find mahjong parlors about in whatsoever city in China, where people would play with friends or strangers to kill time. At home, many people will buy an automatic mahjong table and play information technology with friends during gatherings. They may besides get to mahjong parlors of different levels: inexpensive one charge only 10 yuan (US$1.5) per 60 minutes with very basic facilities, while expensive ones (may charge up to US$150 per hour) providing nutrient and an air-conditioned private room. Many restaurants and some hotels provide tables and mahjong sets to customers who host weddings or birthday banquets.

Where to buy a Mahjong set?

You can easily buy a ready online, but if you want to buy a fix as a souvenir during your trip. We recommend the following places:

In Beijing, we recommend the Panjiayuan flea market. It is the most popular antique market in Communist china. All the shops are open 365 days of the twelvemonth with roadside stands open up every weekend. Every Saturday and Sunday the number of customers could achieve sixty to seventy thousand.

In Shanghai, we recommend Yuyuan Bazaar, it is just outside the Yuyuan garden. You tin can notice a lot of souvenirs here.

In Hong Kong, there is a shop that sells hand-carved mahjong tiles. The shop owner Mr. Cheung Shun-rex learned this skill from his father l years ago. A set up of his tiles sells for at least Us$400, nearly tenfold the price of manufacturing plant-made tiles. That's why the business concern is not very good. Nigh of his customers are collectors of mahjong. BiuKee Mahjong accost: 235 Temple Street, Jordan Hong Kong.

Costless online Mahjong Games and recommended Mahjong Apps

The recommend mahjong apps are:

• Stacker Mahjong 3D (Android and iOS)
• Mahjong Gilded (Android and iOS)
• Mahjong Mystery: Escape the Spooky Mansion (Android)
• Mahjong Solitaire Titans (Android and iOS)

For costless online mahjong games, nosotros recommend the following two:

• http://freeonlinemahjonggames.net/
• https://www.arkadium.com/free-online-games/solitaire/

Source: https://www.chinaeducationaltours.com/guide/culture-mahjong.htm

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